I was flying a long-range mission, 2 miles out. I was watching the screen (FPV), but I definitely couldn’t see the drone with my eyes. The video feed cut out. It crashed into a farmhouse. The owner sued. My insurer asked for the “Visual Observer” logs. I didn’t have one.
Key Takeaways
- The BVLOS Exclusion: Standard Part 107 rules require Visual Line of Sight (VLOS). Flying BVLOS without a specific FAA Waiver is illegal.
- Voided Policy: Most policies state coverage applies only to “Lawful Operations.” Flying BVLOS without a waiver is unlawful. The insurer can deny the entire liability claim.
- The “Visual Observer” (VO) Loophole: If you claim you had a VO, you must produce their name and contact info. If you lied, that is insurance fraud.
- FPV Goggles: Flying FPV requires a separate VO standing next to you to maintain VLOS. Flying solo with goggles is a direct violation and voids coverage.
The “Why” (The Trap): “Standard of Airworthiness”
The policy requires the pilot to operate within FAA regulations.
Part 107.31 requires visual line of sight.
If you crash 2 miles away, physics dictates you couldn’t see it.
The insurer argues: “The crash occurred because you were flying beyond your ability to see and avoid obstacles. This violation of Part 107 caused the loss.” Denied.
The Investigation: “I Called Them”
I asked about long-range flights.
1. SkyWatch
- Policy: “Coverage applies to operations conducted under Part 107.”
- Scenario: 2 miles out, no waiver.
- Result: Denied. “Operation outside of scope.”
2. Global Aerospace
- Scenario: I have a BVLOS Waiver (107.31).
- Result: Covered. But you must provide the Waiver number during underwriting.
Comparison Table: Line of Sight Rules
| Flight Mode | Requirement | Insurance Status |
| VLOS (Standard) | Pilot can see drone | Covered |
| FPV (Goggles) | Must have VO | Covered (With VO) |
| BVLOS (No Waiver) | Cannot see drone | Denied (Illegal) |
| BVLOS (With Waiver) | Waiver on file | Covered |
Step-by-Step Action Plan
- Don’t Trust the Range: Just because OcuSync transmits 8km doesn’t mean you can fly 8km. Legal limit is “eyeball sight” (usually 1,500-2,000 ft).
- Use a VO: If you fly FPV or long range, bring a friend. Log their name. “VO: John Smith.” That one line saves your insurance coverage.
- Get the Waiver: If you are a serious pro, apply for the BVLOS waiver. It’s hard to get but makes you insurable for these missions.
- Telemetry Doesn’t Lie: The flight logs record distance from Home Point. If you claim VLOS but the log says 15,000 feet, you lose.
FAQ
Q: Can I use binoculars?
A: No. Part 107 specifically prohibits binoculars for maintaining VLOS (except for momentary scanning).
Q: What if I momentarily lost sight behind a tree?
A: That is usually forgiven as “momentary.” Sustained flight behind a building or miles away is not.
[IMAGE: Diagram showing “Visual Line of Sight” cone vs. “BVLOS” zone.]